The Fat Doctor Podcast

Wellness Influencers: A 400-Year History of the Same Old BS

• Dr Asher Larmie • Season 6 • Episode 6

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Wellness culture didn't start with Instagram. From George Cheyne's 1724 bestseller to Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters redefining fat bodies as "the enemy within," the methods and ideology haven't changed in four centuries—even as the evidence proves they've never worked. In this episode, I trace wellness influencers back to the 17th century, exposing how former fat people turned their weight cycling into moral crusades, transforming fat bodies from "friendly jokes" into threats deserving punishment. These aren't just historical curiosities—they're the architects of today's war on ob*sity, and understanding their playbook helps us see modern wellness influencers for what they really are: unoriginal copycats parroting 400-year-old nonsense. 

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And welcome to Episode 6 of Season 6 of the Fat Doctor podcast, and I'm your host, Dr Asher Larmie. The last couple of episodes, I started off very calm and collected, I have my notes in front of me. And by the end, I was quite impassioned. I'm recording all of these episodes one after the other, so you can expect the same.

So, a couple of episodes ago, we talked about how diets don't work, and we've always known this, and the people in charge have been lying to us. And last week, I talked about how you really don't control your weight, and this idea that you do is just nonsense.

And this week I want to talk about some pretty awesome accounts of wellness influencers. I used to think that these kind of fitsbros and wellness bros on the internet were a modern-day thing, but it's not new at all. We can chase them back to the 17th century. It's quite exciting. So I'm going to share some accounts of some people that you may or may not have heard of, and try to help you to see just how long-standing this narrative is. It's not new. It's not original. You're not even coming out with anything new, you're just copying other people.

I've got 4 wellness influencers to introduce you to. The first one I'd like to introduce you to is a man named George Cheyne. He was born in 1671, died in 1743, lived a long time. He was a doctor and a self-help author. A self-help author of self-help books. True story. He was born in Scotland. So, I'm afraid to say, in fact, two of these wellness influencers I have a deep connection with, and I'm very displeased about that. He was born in Aberdeenshire, to be precise. That's just a 2-hour drive from where I live. Terrible stuff.

He was born in 1671 and practicing medicine during the 18th century, right? The 1700s. He viewed the body as a system of pipes. Terribly inaccurate. A system of pipes. If you're a plumber, that's actually not all that inaccurate. That needed to be balanced. For the beginning of the 18th century, that is not terrible actually. And he believed that many illnesses were caused by overindulgence and sedentary lifestyle. Really did. And that, in case you're thinking, yeah, so does everyone, not in 1671. Not in the turn of the 18th century, right? That was not common belief.

The thing I love about George Cheyne, he was a very fat man. At one point in time, he was 450 pounds. He was not a small man. His weight fluctuated throughout his entire life. So not only did he live a long life, he was a fat man who lived a long life. And he has published so many books and papers and essays and all sorts. Like I said, self-help author, pretty cool.

First time he published an essay on health and long life, which was really a bestseller. It's like a healthy living manual. And he wrote it in 1724. And he introduces it, and he says that basically everything in this manual, in this self-help book, is drawn from my own experience and observations on my own crazy carcass. I don't know if it was written in much more oldie English, but that's basically what it says.

So, he wrote a self-help book. This doctor, based on his own experience and observations of his own body. How wellness influencer is that? That's amazing! He was so ahead of his time. He divided this book into six sections. The first was air, the second was food, the third was sleep. The fourth was exercise. The fifth was evacuations of the bowels and bladder. We don't talk about that anymore. And the sixth was on the emotions.

Let's round that, folks. This man was talking about emotions in the 18th century! It's so similar! Fresh, clean air, touch grass? Eat the right food, make sure you get enough sleep, exercise. We don't talk about bladder and bowels, because we don't do that anymore. But aside from that, talking about emotions, like cut down your stress? I'm telling you, he was ahead of his time. He really was.

Section 2 of his book, the essay on health and long life. It was not an essay, it was like 175 pages. Section 2 is by far the largest section, the section on food. He really did have a lot to say about that. Very anti-meats. He had a lot of opinions about food. But he basically regarded overeating as one of the main causes of ill health. And that was very unusual for its time. I understand that's very common now, but it wasn't at that time. So it was kind of radical.

Interestingly, at the time of writing this book, his weight was rising again. Like I said, it was fluctuating, and he was in the weight restoration phase. So his weight was rising, his health was declining, he was convinced he was going to die. So he wrote this book, but ironically, he lived for a further 20 years! So he didn't die. But yeah, some of the stuff that he said, it's not all that dissimilar to what we're talking about today.

In 1733, so that's like nine years later, he wrote the English Malady. He's Scottish, remember that. The English Malady. And it basically, this book is all about a range of conditions that were known at the time as the spleen, the vapors, the lowness of spirits. And then, in men, hypochondria, and in women, hysteria.

So, he wrote a book all about I guess it was one of the first kind of self-help mental health manuals? You could say that. But once again, he did focus quite a lot on rich foods and alcohol. He believed the people who were experiencing the vapors and the lowness of spirits and the hypochondria and the hysteria, it was all about the diet and the sedentary lifestyle and their excessive pleasures and all of that stuff. Things have not changed.

Cheyne, honestly, he was like a huge promoter. He promoted vegetarianism, so he hated meat, and he didn't believe in it, and he felt quite passionately about how killing animals to eat was wrong. So, promoting vegetarianism, you'd be love to drink milk. Didn't drink alcohol, was a big fan of fasting. Promoted fasting, believed that you had to walk around all the time. You know, he was telling you to take a turn around about the room.

Right. Kind of crazy, and he had like a proper portfolio career. I thought portfolio careers was a modern, 21st century, millennial onward thing. No, no sir. He was a doctor, as I said, but he was also a philosopher. He was really into mysticism, and this guy called Jacob Bohm, I think, I don't know who he is, but very scandalous for his time. Apparently, very anti, not anti-religion, it was still religious, but kind of very modern religion for its time. He was into metaphysics. Astronomy, mathematics? Proper portfolio career. George Cheyne, honestly, not much has changed, mate.

He was the first, and he was a bit of a joke, actually, because he was telling all of these people to do things, to lose weight, but he was fat. Sometimes, you know, and if you look at pictures of him, he was a fat man.

As opposed to William Wadd, who I do not believe was particularly fat. He was another doctor. All doctors. He was a very, very prominent surgeon, although I believe that doctors and physicians and surgeons are two different species anyway, so I don't have any kind of allegiance to surgeons.

But he was a surgeon at St. Bartholomew's. And that just happens to be my alma mater, that's my medical school. So, again, a Scottish dude, and now one at St. Bart's, I'm 0 for 2. He served as the surgeon extraordinary, that was a thing. The surgeon extraordinary to King George IV, so he was quite a prominent surgeon, and his dad was a surgeon, so it ran in the family, a lot of nepotism going on. He was quite an important dude for his time. He was born in 1776, died in 1829. So, a century later.

And he wrote very famously and published a book called Cursory Remarks on Corpulence, wrote in 1810. It was a critical examination of both the ancient and contemporary views on why people were overweight. Contemporary for his time, not contemporary now. So he went all the way back, I believe he looked at the ancient Greeks and all sorts of things. He was really interested in what we thought, and all sorts of different beliefs. It was all about beliefs around fat and fatness and how to treat it. But it wasn't based on science.

We didn't need science when you were a wealthy to-do surgeon at St. Bartholomew's. He was a fellow of the Royal College of Surgeons, but you didn't need to be a scientist, or you didn't need evidence at the time to write books, publish books, not like now. I can't remember how many clinical references I've got for my book, but 266 clinical references and counting for my book. But my man, William Wadd, just writes a book with his own beliefs, and that's the end of it, his own views and his own line. I think he was very good at drawing, he painted and stuff, he was very artistic. Very artistic flair.

But anyway, he writes this book, and he concludes that basically, quite bluntly, being fat is a result of overindulgence at the table. So again, a lot of people at the time, you have to put this into historical context, it was thought to be the four humors and phlegmatic conditions and all sorts of beliefs, but eating wasn't necessarily one of them. That's actually quite sort of different.

I got a quote. It's a bit gross, don't be too grossed out about it. Take this with a pinch of salt. It was written in the very early 19th century. But he's describing an autopsy of a fat person, and he says: "The heart itself was a mass of fat. The omentum was a thick fat apron. The whole of the intestinal canal was embedded in fat, as if melted tallow had been poured into the cavity of the abdomen. So great was the mechanical obstruction to the functions of an organ essential to life that the wonder is, not that he should die, but that he should live."

I just, so, people talk about fat around the organs all the time, people are obsessed, right? Fat around the organs! We're so obsessed. I still kind of understand our obsession. Nobody's been able to explain why is this bothering you? If you butcher an animal, you will find a ton of fat around their organs, and I don't see you freaking out about that, but for some reason, when you do it to a human, you really freak out! It's a really big deal, but at least when William Wadd did it, he was poetic.

I found that quite, I don't know. If someone said to me, your omentum is a thick fat apron, I don't think I would be too offended. As opposed to, you've got a big belly. My omentum is, if you don't know what the omentum is, it's basically the apron! It's the bit of flap around the, there's a bit of fat around the abdomen, basically, underneath the skin. So, it really is a big fat apron. That's a very good description. We still call it an apron, don't we? Isn't that what we call it?

The heart itself is a mass of fat. Like melted tallow had been poured into the cavity of the abdomen. I don't know, somehow it just feels more sexy. Or poetic. Pretty, I don't know. Anyway, this is what happens, right? What does that mean? So, a fat person was opened up and you found fat around their organs. What does that mean? People show pictures all the time, look at it! What does it mean? I don't understand, what are you trying to say? Yes. Correct. Fat. Adipocytes. Well done. That is what it is. When you're fat, when you're a fat person, you have more adipocytes, or you have bigger adipocytes, and it looks like tallow. But what does that mean?

It's almost kind of like we have this kind of mass hysteria about something, because it looks different to everyone else. So we cut 100 people open, and most of them are thin. We're not going to see that. When we cut the fat person, we're like, oh, look at this, it's different. Yeah, it's different! Doesn't mean bad, it's just different.

William Wadd died in a tragic car accident. He died falling off a, he threw himself off a runaway carriage. That is a true story. He was visiting Ireland, I think it was County Cork, and he was traveling around in a runaway carriage, and he jumped out and he died on impact. Terrible stuff. Gosh, what a waste. You can just imagine the movie, if they made a movie of his life, what a way to end.

That was William Wadd. There's a non-doctor. My third wellness influencer was William Banting. Two Williams, a different William. He was a successful British undertaker. What a job. You could totally make a movie about this guy. He was a fat person. He was a fat man. Not as fat as George Cheyne, but he was definitely a fat man, and he had tried loads of fad diets in his life, and he describes all the different fad diets he tried, and all the quacks that sold him this and that, and tried this and that, and none of it works. He went to spas and all that.

And then, one day, someone told him to adopt a diet that was high in meat and low in carbohydrates. And he did it, and he lost weight! He lost about 50 pounds, he was like, that's it. Is it cute? He wrote a pamphlet. And to be fair, he self-funded this pamphlet. He wrote a pamphlet, so, this was less of a book, more of a pamphlet, called Letters on Corpulence, Addressed to the Public.

And he told people look, I cut out potatoes, bread, and beer, and I lost a ton of weight. You should too. And it became really widely circulated. It's considered one of the first popular diet books of its time. And he was born in 1796 and died in 1878, so he lived a really long time. A really long time, but he was also fat, and it didn't work long-term. But he started keto. I know you all want to, all influencers out there are like, such and such, this bro, that bro. No, it was William Banting. And apparently, banting is a verb. Have you been banting? I don't think we use it anymore, but it means to cut out carbs.

It's crazy, isn't it? So that's the third wellness influencer, again. He's publishing this pamphlet that becomes widely disseminated, very, very popular. But it's based on his own experiences. He's like, I tried cutting out bread and potatoes, and it worked for me, so you should do it too. And everyone was like, this is amazing! There's no science there, it's just one man's story.

The fourth wellness influencer I need to talk to you about, actually, she's actually probably the most prolific, and she's one of the most famous, and I first heard about her when I read Sabrina Strings, Fearing the Black Body. She features in there. Her name is Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters, and you can imagine I occasionally, accidentally, say her name incorrectly, Dr. Lulu Hunt Peters sometimes. I mix up my consonants.

Anyway, she, actually, do you know what? That is sad, because you want to love this woman. Because she graduated as a Doctor of Medicine from the University of California. She was born in 1873, and she died in 1930. She graduated at the end of the 19th century, at a time less than 5% of medical students were women. So, good on her, right? She was the first woman to intern at the Los Angeles County General Hospital. That's not bad. You want her to do well. You're like, yeah, go power.

She's a complete, utter, anyway, so she's doing her degree in medicine, then she starts working, and she's, to begin with, she's quite into child nutrition, that's kind of her thing. She's working as a physician, and in the 1890s, a man named Wilbur Atwater developed, you may or may not know, has developed a system to measure the energy content of food. He called it the calorie.

And its main purpose was to identify foods with high energy contents, to combat malnutrition. So at the time, we didn't want people starving, people were underweight and who were dying, because you're much more likely to die if you were underweight at the time, so they wanted, the whole point was calories, pick the high-calorie foods. Because then you're less likely to starve. Right? That was in the 1890s.

But when Peters came across this finding, she interpreted it in a different way. She interpreted it in a way to lose weight. She was like, well, I'm just going to count calories. And she dropped somewhere between 50 and 70 pounds, depending on who you listen to. And that's it. Was a proper convert, she decided to spread the gospel. Very zealous in her belief in counting calories.

She had a newspaper column that was entitled Diet and Health, and she wrote for the Central Press Association, which supplied content for about 400 newspapers throughout the US. So, she was quite popular at the time. And in 1918, she published her book, Diet and Health, with Key to the Calories.

This book sold 2 million copies. Here's me, I want to be self-published author. It's just like 2 million copies, and she was self-published as well. I don't know if she was, she wouldn't have been self-published, but she was nobody. She was published, she didn't even know, she was apparently away in Bosnia when it was released, and she came home, and she was like, oh! I'm an author, everyone knows who I am. Sold 2 million copies.

She remained in the top 10 non-fiction best-selling book list between 1922 and 1926. So I just need you to understand how popular she was, and how popular this book was.

She was all about calorie reduction. She claimed that calorie reduction was the best form of weight loss, and she specifically spoke to the American woman, the American white woman, who wanted to watch her weight, who wanted to become thin. Who, you know, that was the new body ideal. Thin was in, thin was popular. And so she spoke to that particular, that was her audience. She knew her audience very, very well. And that, as I said, I learned a lot about her through Sabrina Strings' book, Fearing the Black Body.

Because this obsession with thinness that has swept through the United States of America, especially, but around the world, but definitely in the USA, it was very problematic, and was very much rooted in anti-black racism, as I've said already.

So Lulu, you can imagine, like a TikTok influencer like Lulu, I just can imagine that. I really could. But Lulu said, and I quote, "Hereafter, you are going to eat calories of food. Instead of saying one slice of bread or a piece of pie, you will say 100 calories of bread, 350 calories of pie."

That's what she told the American woman who wants to be thin. Okay? So this book, super popular. Do you understand how much this has influenced your life today. You are taught that when you go to Weight Watchers, when you go to whatever weight management program, that is exactly what they tell you to do. You're not going to use just regular words anymore. You're going to use calories to describe things. 100 calories of bread, 350 calories of pie.

That's she taught us to talk this way. She taught us to talk this way. This wellness influencer, this one doctor, who was formerly fat. She was a fat child. I think she got teased quite a lot. She lost weight in her 40s.

So, you can kind of imagine this kind of fat child who was really determined to do well. She managed to make it into medical school, and then she got teased a lot, and then she lost weight, and then she was super popular, and she had this best-selling book and her newspaper article column, and then she was on the radio, and oh! She got super popular. Proper wellness influencer.

And she often, when she talks about dieting, she talks about being thin as being beautiful, so it was all about the beauty ideal. She pointed to the fashion industry, look around you, you're not supposed to be fat, you're supposed to be thin. Look at modern fashions, and this is at a time when women's fashions were really changing, like the corset was no longer a thing.

And so, you know, you had to have a thin waist without a corset, and on the one hand, women were liberated from the corset, and on the other hand, now they had to look thin without a corset, and that was very difficult. So she was sort of pointing to the fashion industry, you know, thinner is better.

But she didn't just talk about beauty, she also talked about dieting being a moral imperative. Right? She really, genuinely believed that there was more at stake than just your looks. This is about who you were as a human being, whether you were a moral, upstanding member of society, or whether you were just morally suspect who had sinned and needed to be punished. So there was a lot of sin and punishment and a lot of religious stuff sprinkled in there as well.

It wasn't just about beauty. It was not health from what I can understand. I haven't really heard her talking about health. But she really did take it quite far, and this bit's not as fun to read out, but I'm going to read it because I think it's really important. A quote from her book. "In wartime, because of course it was written in wartime, in wartime it is a crime to hoard food. Now, fat individuals have always been considered a joke. But you are a joke no longer. Instead of being looked upon with friendly tolerance and amusement, you are now viewed with distrust, suspicion, and even aversion! How dare you hoard fat when our nation needs it. You don't dare to any longer."

And I really hope this is an actual quote from the book, because I haven't bought the book, it's quite difficult to find the book. I took it from a paper written about the book, so I do hope this is a genuine quote. I believe it is.

I'm quite fascinated by this quote. Because I feel like it really says something about how society viewed fat people. Because like she said, you were considered a joke. You were a joke. You were just people to look at, laugh at, and sort of giggle about, titter about, behind your back. Doing afternoon tea or whatever it is that you were taking. And you went from being a joke, looked upon with friendly tolerance, tolerated, to being a threat to society. From joke to moral panic. That switched.

And I'm not saying that she's the reason it switched, I think it was just more than one person's voice, but she certainly reflected the view at the time of fat people, how things are really changing.

Fat bodies were being reframed as evidence of deviant, in this case, criminal behavior. She talks about hoarding and thieving. You know, criminal, deviant type behavior. Hoarding precious resources. And when you think about that, when you think about this quote, think about it in terms of we still say exactly the same thing.

But nowadays, it's just a little bit more clinical. It's the quote-unquote cost of obesity, and a drain to society, and whatever else we say. It's the same thing. It's a way of reframing fat bodies as being deviant and being hoarders of precious resources.

And then, if, as Lulu Hunt Peters is suggesting, weight loss or dieting or counting calories is actually an act of national service. Like a good citizen, a good upstanding member of society would do this for the greater good. What she's doing now is she's offering social permission to harm, to exclude, to discriminate against people who don't perform their civic duty.

Do you see how she's reframed it? Like, we were a joke! They could laugh at us, they could mock us, but now if we don't count our calories, if we don't starve ourselves in the name of the greater good, then people have permission now. Not just to judge us, but to harm us, to exclude us, to discriminate against us. And that's what changed.

Friendly tolerance was replaced by fear and aversion. And those are direct quotes. Fat people literally became the enemy, and this is the enemy within. She's describing fat people as the enemy within. You're like, we're fighting a war, a world war at that, with troops are out there literally giving their lives. But within our borders, there's another enemy, sneaking around, hoarding food.

And we're still portrayed as the enemy within. We are an internal threat that needs to be eliminated, and they still talk about the war on obesity. It's still referred to as a war. And seeing as obesity literally just means fat, then it's a war on fat people. It's a war against us. People are fighting us, and what happens in a war? You destroy your enemy by any means necessary, right?

Fat bodies literally became public property. Like, once upon a time, you look at a fat person and be like, oh, look at them, and you judge them, but at least that's them. It didn't bother you. But now we began to reframe at this point in time, these wellness influencers began to reframe fat bodies as public property.

Because the William Wadds and the George Cheynes, they were talking about how to lose weight. You feel fat and you want to lose weight, try this method. And that's okay, fair enough, that's one thing. But we've gone beyond that now. We really have gone beyond collective scapegoating, even, to actually offering punishment for non-compliance.

If you don't lose weight, you will be punished. You will be excluded from society, and you will have a much harder life.

I don't know what to say. These wellness influencers, they haven't changed. First of all, they haven't changed. They have been around for a really long time. This tells me two things. Number one, fat bodies have always existed. This idea that fat bodies are a new thing, fat bodies are not a new thing, and I mean, it's obvious, because we've got paintings, and we've got sculptures, and all sorts of things that go back hundreds of thousands of years, but even in the last few decades, these few centuries, we've got pictures of fat people and paintings of fat people.

But we've known that fat people have always existed, but the idea that wellness culture has always existed as well. That there have been people out there telling you to cut down on carbs, and telling you to cut down on meat, and telling you to be a vegetarian, and cut down on alcohol and all that stuff. That's not a new thing.

And it predates the last century, as we've been led to believe. And a lot of our beliefs now about what makes us fat and how to lose weight, were passed down through those generations from hundreds of years ago. They laid the foundations. These were wildly popular books for their time. And so they influenced the public perception, they influenced society's narrative as a whole.

So that when doctors and public health pioneers came along, many centuries, in some cases later, all they were trying to do was find evidence to confirm the narrative that already existed.

And I talked about in the second episode, I think it was, I was talking about blood pressure. And how, I think it was the second episode, I think I talked about this, I hope I talked about this, I hope I'm not imagining it. How, at one point in time, we had no idea that blood pressure was bad for your heart, and then we did. But nobody had an opinion about blood pressure. Nobody went around going that person with high blood pressure is a joke.

First of all, you can't see blood pressure, so that's one thing, but also society didn't deem high blood pressure is a problem. In fact, it was a pathological problem. It was always a pathological, that's not the same thing as weight. It's completely different.

Notice that 3 out of my 4 wellness influencers were fat themselves. Peters was a chubby child, Cheyne was ridiculed. William Wood, no, not, the other one, Banting. Banting was fat, and had lost a ton of weight. Former fats. There's no one more evangelical than a former fat when it comes to weight loss, right? I mean, the internalized fatphobia is strong.

And these are the people that have influenced our modern day understanding of weight. Folks, if nothing else, the methods and the ideology have not changed for centuries. They haven't changed, they haven't evolved.

The evidence has. The evidence is making it very clear, like I said, what you eat, how much you exercise, it's not effective at weight loss. It doesn't work! But there will always be some outliers. George Cheyne himself, proof that it didn't work. These guys were weight cycling! It doesn't work! They were living proof that it doesn't work, and we have had living proof that it doesn't work for centuries.

That's the evidence, that's what we actually know. But the methods and the ideology haven't changed. And I, I don't know, it's helping me to see wellness influencers in a different light. Like, I see the wellness bros now, and as a shame I can't show you pictures, but maybe look it up. Look up George Cheyne. I want you to see that picture.

And then next time some wellness bro comes on the internet, I just want you to close your eyes and visualize George Cheyne's face. Because they don't say anything different. They're just literally saying the same thing. They are parroting the ideals of someone that existed hundreds of years ago and lived to a ripe old age, all things considered.

Hope you enjoyed that little history lesson. I have no idea what I'm doing next week. Okay, I'm not going to be recording it for a little while, but yes. I imagine, even at the time that this is released, I'm still in the throes of editing my book.

And all of this stuff will be covered. This is chapter 3. Chapter 3 of my book, we're going to talk about why you can't control your weight and why we thought you could control your weight, and who told us that you could, so the whole history lesson is included in the book. I'm also going to cover the fact that being fat doesn't make you sick in chapter 3. I know we've been told that being fat makes you sick, but there's actually no evidence to support that.

And then I'm going to remove weight loss advice for a moment, and I'm just going to look at lifestyle advice in general, and wellness culture. And just how much nonsense it is. There's a brilliant study that shows that, that looked at all these different diets. Like, all, the Mediterranean and the DASH diet, and some of the popular ones, like keto, paleo, and all different types, compare them all, and was looking at the health benefits, like, are there any health benefits? And it was a really big meta-analysis.

And concluded, as you will not be surprised to hear, that of course there are no health benefits for any of these diets, they don't know, evidence that they work. They don't help you lose weight, but they also don't improve your heart health, your cardiac risk factors, your blood pressure, your cholesterol. They looked at CRP markers of inflammation. It doesn't matter. Really interesting. The evidence is wholly and utterly supports the idea that lifestyle advice is a complete waste of time. When it comes to diet and exercise, because there's some lifestyle advice that's useful.

There's a study, there's a paper that shows that wearing sunscreen reduces your risk of melanoma. I didn't do a particularly deep dive into that, because it wasn't part of the book, but I just searched for a study, and I found a relatively useful study that showed that, yeah, I mean, I can't guarantee it, it's not a perfect study by any stretch of the imagination, but yeah, it appears that wearing sunscreen reduces your risk of melanoma. Melanoma is quite a common cancer, it's quite an aggressive cancer. Unfortunately, when you have it often, it's harder to cure it because it's quite advanced by the time it's diagnosed.

And so, yeah, sunscreen, great lifestyle advice. I'm all for it. Vaccinations, very important lifestyle advice. Immunizations. Cancer screening, important, really good lifestyle advice. So, there's loads of lifestyle advice out there that I really think that we should be championing, we very rarely mention. Ever. Never makes it into the headlines.

But all the diet and exercise advice, even the exercise advice, which is really interesting, is really not what you think it is. I'm not saying exercise is bad for you, it just, this idea that exercise will prevent heart disease and stuff like that, there's no evidence to support that whatsoever.

So yeah, that's all in chapter 3 of the book. I'm looking forward to sharing it with you when it's released, and I'll see you next week, and take care of yourself in the meantime.