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"Anchored in Truth: The Splendor of the Faith" - Dr. Karlo Broussard | 2025 Discipleship Conference

• Archdiocese of Oklahoma City

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A bold claim sits at the center of this talk from Dr. Karlo Broussard: the beauty of the Catholic faith is that it’s anchored in truth and life—and Christ made that anchoring visible and dependable. We start where every good story does, with a loss. Original holiness and justice once gave humanity clear minds and hearts at peace with God. Sin fractured both. From that wound flows confusion about truth and distance from grace. Scripture then becomes a rescue map: covenants, prophets, and promises that point toward a full restoration.

Enter Jesus not merely as teacher, but as Truth and Life in person. He forms the apostles, promises the Spirit, and sends them to teach all nations. Then he does something startlingly concrete: he names Simon “Rock,” promises to build his Church on that rock, hands him the keys, and links heaven to his binding and loosing. This isn’t wordplay; it’s architecture. A wise builder puts a house on rock so storms can’t topple it. By locating Peter at the foundation, Jesus signals how doctrine and grace remain secure when winds of error hit. Paul’s line that the Church is the pillar and foundation of truth deepens the logic—what the Church holds up cannot be steadier than the foundation beneath it. And if the Church will not be overcome by the “gates of Hades,” neither will its foundation.

But what about now? If an essential feature of the Church must endure as long as the Church exists, Peter’s ministry must endure through successors. The early witness to Peter’s martyrdom in Rome and the continuity of the Roman bishopric reveal how the Petrine office carries forward: the papacy serves the unity and stability Christ promised. Luke 22 adds a pastoral charge: while Satan sifts all, Jesus prays specifically for Peter so he can strengthen his brothers. The implication for us is practical and hopeful—stay close to Peter to stay steady in truth and alive in grace.

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Karlo Broussard, DPhil., a native of Southern Louisiana, left a promising musical career to devote himself full-time to the work of Catholic apologetics. As a staff apologist and speaker for Catholic Answers, and a member of the chancery evangelization team at the Diocese of Tulsa and Eastern Oklahoma, he travels the country and the diocese giving talks on apologetics, biblical studies, theology, and philosophy. Karlo is a regular guest on Catholic Answers Live and frequent contributor to Catholic Answers Magazine Online.

Karlo holds a doctorate in philosophy from the Pontifical University St. Patrick’s in Maynooth, Ireland, as well as undergraduate and graduate degrees in theology from Catholic Distance University and the Augustine Institute, and a master’s in philosophy from Holy Apostles College and Seminary.

A dynamic and gifted Catholic speaker and author, Karlo is known for communicating with precision of thought, a genuine love for God, and an enthusiasm that inspires.

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Learn more about the Archdiocese of Oklahoma City online at archokc.org, and follow us on social media by searching "Archdiocese of Oklahoma City."

SPEAKER_00:

Carlo is a speaker for Catholic Answers and is a staff apologist of the Diocese of Tulsa and Eastern Oklahoma. He travels the country and the diocese giving talks on apologetics, biblical studies, theology, and philosophy. In this breakout session, Carlo will help you answer questions others have about the Catholic faith with confidence and compassion. He will also present Helpers on High in the C1 breakout as a continuation of this session. Please help me to welcome Dr. Carlo Bressard.

SPEAKER_01:

Thank you. All right, well, good afternoon, everyone. This is the unfortunate time of having to give a presentation after lunch. Whenever the bellies are full and the eyelids are drooping. So if you end up falling asleep, I will not take it personally. But I will do my best to keep it lively, engaging, and interesting so that you can walk out of here this afternoon, learning one or two things that you did not perhaps know before coming in. But before we do that, let's go ahead and pray, shall we? In the name of the Father and the Son and the Holy Spirit. Amen. Let's invoke the intercession of our guardian angels, asking that they come to be by our sides, to guard our imaginations and to protect our minds from the distraction of the evil one, so that our minds may be properly disposed to focus on the truth revealed to us in God's word, the truth about our Catholic faith, and that our hearts will be disposed to respond to that truth, to embrace it and to live according to it. And so we pray, Angel of God, my guardian dear, to whom's God's love and trust me here. Ever this day be at my side, to light and to guard, to rule and guide. Amen. In the name of the Father and of the Son and of the Holy Spirit, amen. All right, you haven't heard that one in a long time, huh? See? That prayer ain't just for the little kids, sister. It's for us too. We're all children at heart, amen. What did our Lord say? To these belong the kingdom of God. We must be youth within our hearts, children running into the arms of God our Father. So the title of my presentation is Anchored in Truth, the splendor of the Catholic faith. And that main title is precisely the answer to the question of in what lies the splendor of the Catholic faith. And what I hope to share with you and to give evidence for is that our Catholic faith is indeed anchored in the truth. The splendor of the Catholic faith is that we have the guarantee of having all the blessings of the new covenant, as the Second Vatican Council's decree on ecumenism put it. And those blessings being the fullness of truth and life that Christ has come to give us in his earthly mission. And that's what I hope to make good on in today's breakout session, to make good on this claim that the splendor of the Catholic Church lies in having the guarantee of having the fullness of these blessings of truth and life that Christ has come to give. And we know he has indeed come to give us these blessings because he told us so. So I think there's no other better place to start than with our blessed Lord Himself. In John chapter 18, verse 37, when he's having that conversation with Pontius Pilate, he tells us, for this I have come into the world to give testimony to the truth. And in John chapter 10, verse 10, he says, he reveals the other dimension of his messianic mission. I have come that they may have life and have it abundantly. These blessings of the new covenant of truth and life, that's what our Lord has come to give us. But like any good story, you can't appreciate the climax of a story unless you first understand the backstory. So very briefly, take a journey with me and let's go back to the beginning of the creation of Adam and Eve in order to appreciate the impact of what our Lord is teaching us about coming to give us truth and life. When God created Adam and Eve, he created them in the states of original holiness and original justice. Now that's just some half-halutin theological terminology. For when God created Adam and Eve, he created them with sanctifying grace in friendship with him, in his love. That's what we call original holiness. And then he created them with what we call original justice, where their nature was perfected and they had inner harmony within themselves of the intellect and the will, and the body and the soul, and the harmony between human relationships. Can you imagine that? Male and female getting along perfectly, no fighting, no tension. Woo dogging. That would have been some good, that's some good times. And guess what? We get a taste of that by grace now, and we have uh we can look forward to that perfection of that friendship in the heavenly kingdom. But they were created with this original justice. With original holiness, they had life, sanctifying grace, God's life in their soul, in virtue of which they are sons and daughters of the Father. Original justice came with that, the blessing of having perfect knowledge of the truth. This is something that's in our theological tradition. St. Thomas Aquinas, Saint Augustine, Saint Clement of Alexandria at the turn of the third century, all taught that when Adam and Eve were created, they were created with perfect knowledge of truth, both natural and supernatural. And this is manifest and evident in the creation story in Genesis chapter 2, whenever Adam is naming the animals, right? Y'all remember that? Saint Augustine reflected upon that and saw in that the revelation that Adam had penetrating insight to the nature of things. He wasn't just saying, oh yeah, I'll call that thing this and I'll call that thing that. So these theologians reflected and said, and you can read about this in paragraph 375 and following in the Catechism of the Catholic Church. But when Adam sinned, they lost these gifts for themselves and for their progeny in various ways. So whenever they sinned, they lost original holiness. Sanctifying grace ceased to exist within their souls. They destroyed friendship with God and the principle of friendship, namely charity. So original holiness is lost, life is lost, not just physical life, but supernatural life is no longer in the soul. But then they also wounded their natures, losing original justice and all of the gifts that came with it, one of which included that perfect knowledge of truth. And so consequently, the intellect is darkened, it's weakened. And throughout the progeny of Adam, the transmission of that truth was skewed. Truth began to be lost for humanity. Even the natural truths, man had a hard time knowing the natural stuff about God. And that knowledge gets mixed up with error in the transmission of that knowledge from one generation to the next because they're working with broken tools, the weakened intellect, and the supernatural knowledge. Whatever supernatural knowledge that Adam had upon his creation and original justice, he lost that too in the transmission. Now, throughout salvation history in the Old Testament, we have hints where God comes into human history to begin to restore that truth and life. So you have God revealing Himself. Genesis chapter 3, verse 15, when Eve falls, he says to the serpent, I will set enmity between you and the woman, between your seed and her seed. He shall crush your head and you shall bruise his heel. That's a prophecy. The seed of the woman to crush the head of the serpent. That's a prophecy about whom? Jesus. And who's the woman? Mary, a new Eve. We get a glimmer of revelation, right? And all throughout salvation history, with Noah and with Abraham and with Moses and with David and through the prophets, God is dropping hints and clues, bits of truth to begin and full bring about a restoration of that truth that our first parents lost and skewed for us due to sin. Lesson? Sin makes you stupid. So I don't know about y'all, but I don't want to be stupid, so I'm gonna try my best not to sin, right? But most importantly, sin destroys friendship and love of God. Amen. And that's what's most important. But the point is, is that through that sin, that truth would be lost. And bit by bit, God and his rescue plan is restoring that truth and even the life. So all of the Old Testament saints, the author of Hebrews tells us in Hebrews chapter 11, he gives us the litany of all the Old Testament righteous people, whom, according to chapter 12, verse 6, had a faith without which we can be pleasing to God. To state it differently, they had faith that made them pleasing to God. In other words, they had justifying faith. They were friends of God, which means that they had sanctifying grace, that God was giving them sanctifying grace in virtue of which they could be friends of God and dying in that friendship and thereby existing in Abraham's bosom until Jesus descends into the dead and then takes them up with him when he ascends into heaven. Bits and pieces of God restoring the truth and restoring the life that Adam lost for humanity and messed everything up. When I get to heaven, I'm gonna go up to that boy and I'm gonna say, Come on, Adam. But then Adam's just gonna point to the new Adam and say, Well, look what he did. We'll get to that. So all throughout salvation history, God is unfolding his plan of this rescue mission, this restoration of truth and life. And it's against this backdrop upon which Jesus comes on the scene and says, I have come that they may have life and have it abundantly. Oh, there's some new stuff getting revealed here. Those guys in the Old Testament, they had friendship with God and sanctifying grace. But Jesus has just given us a hint that he's gonna give us a little bit more. Some more stuff, life and have it abundantly. I have come that they may know the truth. Ah, Jesus is the fullness of that truth and that life together within him. And he is bringing that restoration plan to completion because he is the way, the truth, and the life. Following me so far? Amen. Now, we got a bit of a problem. You see Jesus walking around anywhere? Oh, is that some spiritual stuff? There, I see Jesus in my brothers and my sisters. But notice I asked the question did you see, do you see Jesus? Do you hear Jesus? Is Jesus here? Yeah, he's here with us spiritually, he's here in the in the Holy Eucharist, but he's not walking around with us to teach us that truth, right? To preserve that truth for us and to ensure that we have that life because he ascended to the Father. So you might think to yourself, well, golly, Jesus, the the leader of our race, Adam, he didn't get it right. You entrusted truth and life to him, and he messed everything up. And so we appreciate you, Lord, for coming to restore that truth and life in full for us. But then you're gonna leave us? Are you just like leaving us vulnerable to messing everything up with truth and life again, like humanity did from the beginning? Well, the answer to that question is no, our Lord says, I have not. Why? Because he gave us the church. He gave us the church to be that in which he would invest the fullness of that truth and life, so that the fullness of that truth and life could be preserved and then transmitted to future generations. And we see this within the ministry of our Lord when he calls together around him his apostles. And Mark tells us in Mark chapter 4, for example, that he explained all things and parables to the multitudes, but then he took the apostles in secret and explained to them the secrets of the mysteries of the kingdom, giving them insight to the truth that he has come to restore and reveal. And then, of course, in John chapter 14 and John chapter 16 at the Last Supper, he tells the apostles that remember, the Spirit of God will come to bring all things to your memory, to remember what I have taught you, and that the Spirit will teach you and I and witness to me and who I am. And then in Matthew chapter 28, before his ascension, he sends the apostles out into all nations and says, Teach them everything that I have commanded you, for I am with you always until the end of the world. So notice Jesus is has a plan to ensure that the gift of truth is preserved and transmitted in and through the church that He's establishing, identified in the apostles, right? But folks, among those twelve apostles, there was one, so we see in the New Testament, that our Lord makes as the anchor of that truth and life that he's investing to the church. One who will be a principal of source and unity for a source of unity in that truth and life. And who might that be? Peter. That is correct. Where do we have the evidence for that? Come on. Matthew chapter 18? Close. 16, good. Matthew chapter 18, verse 18 is an important passage because there he's talking to all the apostles who have the authority to bind and loose on earth and it be bound and loosed in heaven. But two chapters before that, in Matthew chapter 16, verses 18 through 19, there we have the revelation of Jesus making Peter as the visible principle and source of unity in all of the blessings that Jesus will invest and entrust to his church. Because there we read, our Lord, tell Simon, Simon, you are Peter. Some people translated that Greek word. Simon, you are Petros, which means rock. It does mean rock. All of the most trusted Greek English lexicons affirm that Petros in Greek means rock. And in fact, we know that it means rock because Saint John himself gives us a little interpretation. In John chapter 1, verse 42, John records when Jesus first meets Simon, he says, You shall be called Cephas, which is a Greek alliteration of keephah, which is Aramaic, and it means rock. So you shall be called Cephas, Aramaic for rock, and you know what John tells us? John says, which is translated as Petros. So what John is telling us is what keepha or Cephas means in Aramaic, rock, petros means in Greek, rock. And Greek English lexicons affirm this connection. So when Jesus talks to Simon, he says, You are Petros, rock, and upon this rock I will build my church. Now for us as Catholics, we read that and we see that Peter is the metaphorical rock upon which Jesus is going to build his church. And then, of course, with our Protestant brothers and sisters, and even our Orthodox brothers and sisters, we have conversations and debate about whether Peter is that metaphorical rock. And we can go on and on and on giving reasons, galore, but one important reason is that Simon's new name means rock. Why would Jesus change Simon's name to rock if he's not the metaphorical rock upon which Christ will build his church? There's an obvious pun in the text, right? You are rock, and upon this rock I will build my church. If Simon Peter, rock, is not this metaphorical rock, well then we have a meaningless pun here. We have an accidental pun. Do we want to say that Jesus made an accidental pun here? No, I don't think so. Do we want to say that Jesus' pun is meaningless? No, I don't think so. Given that Simon's new name means rock, we have very good reason to conclude, complete justification to conclude that he is the metaphorical rock upon which Christ is going to build his church. And even throughout the entire address, everything is addressed to Peter. After Jesus asks, Who do men say that I am? Peter rises up, says, You are the Messiah, right? And then Jesus responds, Blessed are you, Simon Barjoner, for flesh and blood has not revealed this to you, but my Father in heaven. I say to you, you are Petros, and upon this rock I will build my church, and the gates of hell will not prevail against it. I give to you the keys of the kingdom of heaven. Whatever you bind on earth shall be bound in heaven, whatever you loose on earth shall be loosed in heaven. I counted six, but there's actually seven, and I missed one somewhere in there. You can go and read it yourself. Seven times second personal pronoun singular. Everything is addressed to Peter. It does not fit the context, folks, that the entire address would be to Peter, to Peter, to Peter, something else, to Peter, to Peter, to Peter. You get the sense? The context gives us further reason to conclude that Peter is this metaphorical rock upon which Christ is going to build his church. So assuming that we've established Peter to be the rock, and if you're interested in more reasons, you can go to my website, Carlobrusard.com. Type in the search engine, Peter is the rock. And one of the episodes of a local radio show that I do for St. Michael Catholic Radio in Tulsa, which is aired here locally as well on your Catholic radio station every Thursday from 4 to 5 p.m. All of the episodes are archived at my website, Carlobrussard.com. I did an episode when I first started almost two years ago, Seven Reasons Why Peter is the Rock. So you can check out that, or you can go get my book, Meeting the Protestant Response, on Amazon or shop.catholic.com, and I have a chapter just on this one verse where I articulate and exegete this passage to give you reasons why Peter is the foundational rock of Jesus' church here on earth. So a little side commercial, sorry, had to do that. Back to the text. Okay. Now, once we have Peter as the rock, then the question becomes: what's the significance of that? What's the implication of that? Well, one easy implication is that if he is the foundation which he is, then that would indicate he's the leader of Christ Church here on earth. Who's that superstar of y'all's on Oklahoma Thunder? Shay, right? Imagine I was the general manager of Oklahoma City Thunder, and I go to Shay, just taking him onto the team, and I say, Shay, we're gonna make you the foundation of this team. What would you likely conclude from that? He's the leader of the team, right? So, just insofar as we have the metaphor of a foundation that reveals Peter is the leader, but for our purposes today, there's further implications here. Notice how Christ is building his church upon rock. This is hearkening back to Matthew chapter 7, where our Lord says how the wise man builds his house upon the rock. Y'all recall that? So that when the winds and the rains come, the house remains standing. What happens to the fool who builds his house upon sand? When the winds and the rains come, the house is destroyed, the house is wiped away, the house is no longer, the house loses everything that is within the house. It's gone. So if Christ is building his house, the church, on rock, that indicates to us he is the wise man of his parable, building his church upon this strong foundation, so that when the winds and the rains of erroneous doctrine and false ideas come, his church and everything within it, all of the blessings of the new covenant of truth and life invested and entrusted to that church will always be secure and remain because it's founded upon rock. Who is that rock? Peter. And so Peter is the reason, insofar as Christ makes him the reason, why the blessings of truth and life in the church are secure and will never be washed away with the floods and the rains of erroneous doctrine and ideas. Does that make sense? Can you see that? Our Lord is establishing a model and a plan to guarantee that we 2,000 years later would be able to have access to that truth and life and have the guarantee of the preservation of that truth and life because it's founded upon Peter. Furthermore, our Lord says that the gates of the netherworld would not prevail against that church, right? Well, gates of netherworld, gates of Hades, gates of the dead, that's a Hebraic idiom to suggest the forces of evil attacking the church. Gates is a Hebrew idiom that can signify fortified cities. We read about this in the book of Genesis, I think chapters 20 and 22. Just gates signifies a fortified city. Now, Hades, or the nether world, can signify either just the abode of the dead, like when you go into the afterlife, but it's also in the Christian tradition, per revelation, the book of Revelation and John's heavenly visions, Hades can also signify the forces of evil. Remember how John has a vision of the devil being in the pit and the pit being sealed and the pit being released and the devil attacking the church? Hades can signify the forces of evil. So the gates of Hades or the gates of the netherworld, within the context of our Lord using battle imagery of it prevailing against the church and stuff, or fighting against the church, signifies that our Lord is promising that the forces of evil, although they will attack the church, they will not prevail against the church. Now watch this. Whatever is built upon the foundation cannot be greater than the foundation. Right? Whatever is built upon the foundation, the church, can't be greater than the foundation of Peter. So if Jesus promises that the forces of evil and darkness will not prevail against the church, and Peter's the foundation of the church, what can we conclude? The forces of evil that attack the church and all of the blessings involved within it will not prevail against Peter. Can you see that? One more. In 1 Timothy chapter 3, verse 15. Saint Paul writes that the household of God, the church, is built upon the foundation, built upon the pillar and foundation of what? Excuse me, I messed up. Let me retract. The household of God, the church, is the foundation and pillar of what? Truth. Good job. We got a Bible total scripture quoting Christian here. So notice the truth, Paul says, inspired by the Holy Spirit, is built upon the foundation of the church. Amen. Now remember that principle. Whatever is built upon the foundation cannot be less secure or uh less, whatever is built upon the foundation cannot be greater than the foundation. To state it differently, whatever is built upon the foundation cannot be cannot be uh more stable than the foundation. What happens if the foundation is not as stable as that is which is built upon it? Comes crumbling down. So the truth is built upon the foundation of the church. And given that principle, what can we conclude? The church cannot be less stable than the truth itself. Which means the church, the foundation of the truth, is secure in the truth. Does that make sense? Now, who's the foundation of the church here on earth? Peter, Peter. And so, given our logic, it follows that Peter is just as secure in the truth as the church. Because the church and Peter with it as its visible foundation here on earth is the foundation of the truth that Jesus has come to give testimony to. My dear brothers and sisters, the revelation of Saint Peter as the visible foundation. Of Jesus' church here on earth is the key to understanding how we can be anchored in the truth. Therein lies the splendor of our Catholic faith. Peter is constituted by Christ to be the very reason why we have security in all of the blessings that Christ has come to reveal, namely truth and life, wrapped up within the church, built upon the foundation of Saint Peter. Now you might be thinking, well, Carlo, we're living 2,000 years later, man. We ain't got Peter walking around with us. Well, consider that. Let's answer that. Whatever is essential to the church must last as long as the church exists. Does that make sense? Okay? How long do y'all think Jesus wants the church to exist? Forever until the end of time, okay? Not just for the first century, but right now and until the end of time when God renews everything and the church will still be present, but in different ways. What does Jesus reveal as essential to the church that he's established? Peter has the foundation, the anchor, the rock, that which secures all of the blessings to be preserved and transmitted in the church of Jesus. So as long as the church exists, what must exist with it? Peter, the foundation. Well, Peter obviously isn't walking the face of the earth anymore. So what is our Lord trying to teach us? There will be others to succeed him in this role as the visible principle and source of unity. So that we can taste, see the goodness of the Lord present in full in his church, where we have the blessings of truth and life. And my dear friends, there's only one Christian community that has the successor to St. Peter in the bishopric of where he died. And we know from historical testimony from all of the early Christian witnesses and on that Peter died in Rome as the Bishop of Rome. And so consequently, those who would succeed Peter as the Bishop of Rome would continue in that role of being the principle of unity for the church. The visible foundation of the church, continuing the role of Peter, and that is Pope Leo XIV today. Wherein lies the splendor of our Catholicism and our Catholic faith? Friends, it lies in the gift of the papacy. Now I know what you might be thinking: well, shouldn't our splendor of our Catholic faith lie in Jesus? Absolutely. Amen. The glorious splendor is in our blessed Lord, but our Lord has given us this gift of Saint Peter and the role of Saint Peter within the church as the foundation of the church so that we can come 2,000 years later to know the truth without the mixture of error. So that we can come to know what our Lord has revealed to us. It gives us access to all of the blessings preserved within that church: truth and life. And that, my friends, is beautiful. Because I don't know about you guys, but I'm kind of subject to messing things up. And I only have so much knowledge of the Bible and all that stuff. And so thanks be to God that we have this security in the truth. This is why I say in the title that the splendor of the Catholic faith is to be anchored in the truth, because we have the principle in virtue of which we can be anchored in the truth, and that is the gift of the papal office and the role of the Pope as the foundation of the church. Now, in the last few minutes, I'll share with you one more piece of revelation from the Gospel of Luke, where Luke records for us yet another way in which Jesus reveals the role that Peter is going to play in relation to the purpose of our presentation, our reflection here this afternoon. And I can do this just in a few minutes. At the Last Supper, our Lord tells the apostles, you know, the Gentiles lord their authority over their subjects, but it will not be for you. The implication being that the apostles are going to have authority within his kingdom. But unlike the Gentiles or the pagans. And then he says, I will give you thrones to sit upon, judging the twelve tribes of Israel. I confer upon you the kingdom that my Father conferred upon me. So those apostles got some royal authority in Jesus' kingdom. They got some authority to exercise. But in the midst of that teaching on authority and proper authority as to serve, Jesus says this. Now the Greek word for you there is second person plural, humos, you all. And then he turns to Peter and says, But I have prayed for you. And the conjunction there, but is there in the Greek. But I have prayed for you. And the Greek word there is su, second person singular. He's directing it only to Peter. Whenever he, when, when he just said Satan desires to sift all of the apostles, he says, But I have prayed for you, that your faith may not fail. And when you have turned again, strengthen the brethren. Folks, I don't know about you, but if I was there in that upper room and Jesus just told me that Satan wants to send my soul to hell and pluck me like wheat out of the vineyard of the Lord, and he's only praying for Peter to be protected, I'd be like, throw that prayer over here, Jesus. Right? What's the implication? The implication is if I don't want to be vulnerable and subject to the plucking or the sifting of Satan, who do I stick with? Peter. Why? Because he's the rock, he's the foundation upon which the church is built, he is the principle in virtue of which all of the blessings in the church are secure. So in order to be secure in those blessings and protected from the thwarts of the evil one and the sifting of Satan, I gotta remain with Peter. And what happens if I reject knowing that and I say no and I reject and I separate myself from Peter. I now make myself subject and vulnerable to the sifting of Satan. So, my brothers and sisters, I leave you with this good news. The good news of having Peter with us today, in the role of the papacy, the bishop of Rome, the continuation of that visible foundation of the church, the principle and virtue of which we can have the guarantee of having the fullness of the truth and the supernatural life that Christ has come to entrust to the church. And knowledge of and experience of that truth and that life, as Jesus says in John 8 32, will make us free. Brothers and sisters, thank you for your time and your attention. God bless you.